Artificial Intelligence

​Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as learning and problem-solving.

The ideal characteristic of artificial intelligence is its ability to rationalize and take actions that have the best chance of achieving a specific goal. A subset of artificial intelligence is machine learning (ML), which refers to the concept that computer programs can automatically learn from and adapt to new data without being assisted by humans. Deep learning techniques enable this automatic learning through the absorption of huge amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, or video.

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Types of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence is classified into two main categories: AI that’s based on functionality and AI that’s based on capabilities.

Based on Functionality

1. Reactive Machine – This AI has no memory power and does not have the ability to learn from past actions. IBM’s Deep Blue is in this category.

2. Limited Theory – With the addition of memory, this AI uses past information to make better decisions. Common applications like GPS location apps fall into this category.

3. Theory of Mind – This AI is still being developed, with the goal of its having a very deep understanding of human minds.

4. Self-Aware AI – This AI, which could understand and evoke human emotions as well as have its own, is still only hypothetical.

Based on Capabilities

1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) – A system that performs narrowly defined programmed tasks. This AI has a combination of reactive and limited memory. Most of today’s AI applications are in this category.

2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) – This AI is capable of training, learning, understanding, and performing like a human.

3. Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) – This AI performs tasks better than humans due to its superior data processing, memory, and decision-making abilities. No real-world examples exist today.